Navigating Language in Disability

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Language isn’t just about words — it shapes how we see people, impacts attitudes, and even influences access to opportunities. Language can be even more impactful for people with disabilities as it can affirm dignity, foster inclusion, or unintentionally perpetuate stigma.

Two common approaches to disability-related language are People-First Language and Identity-First Language:

  • People-First Language puts the person before their disability, focusing on the individual rather than defining them by their condition (e.g., "person with a disability"). This approach emphasizes humanity and individuality.
  • Identify-First Language highlights disability as an integral and valued part of a person’s identity (e.g., "autistic person" or "Deaf person"). This approach is sometimes preferred by disability groups, such as autistic and Deaf communities.

Advocating for Respect through Language

Language evolves, and it plays a key role in promoting disability inclusion and respect. Here are some important insights for rehabilitation professionals when talking about disability:

  • Language Preferences Vary: Preferences for person-first or identify-first can vary greatly within the disability community. While many institutions endorse person-first language to avoid stigma, some people with disabilities feel this implies that their disability is something negative to be separated from.
  • Context Is Important: Both Hall and Rumrill emphasized that what’s “appropriate” depends on the individual’s preference. In some cases, euphemisms or outdated terms can be unintentionally vague or even offensive. Observing and asking clients about their language preferences can help practitioners ensure respectful and individualized interactions.
  • Be Patient and Flexible: Language around disability evolves continuously and practitioners must stay current. It's okay to make mistakes, but it's essential to learn and adapt based on feedback. Being open to correction and showing humility can foster trust and respect in professional relationships.

The Power of Individual Choice: One of the session’s strongest messages was the importance of allowing individuals to define their own identities. Andrea Hampton Hall shared this quote to illustrate its value:

“If I didn’t define myself for myself, I would be crunched into other people’s fantasies for me and eaten alive.”
~ Audre Lorde

Practical Tips for Using Inclusive Language

  • Listen First: Observe how people refer to themselves and mirror that language.
  • Ask Directly: If you’re unsure, ask people how they prefer to be addressed.
  • Stay Curious: Regularly check reputable sources, such as self-advocacy organizations, to stay informed on language trends and preferences.
  • Consider Flexibility in Group Settings: When working with groups, consider switching between terms or using neutral alternatives, like “on the autism spectrum” or “folks with disabilities.”

Respect goes beyond policies or standard practices; it’s about honoring each person’s unique identity and language preferences. As we continue to serve diverse clients, understanding and implementing these perspectives in our daily practice can strengthen the relationship we have with those we support.

Source: Information from this article was taken from I Don't Want to Say the Wrong Thing! Perspectives on People First Language, presented at TACQE’s National Symposium on Quality Employment.

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